John Hoover, Carole Milner
The drive for love and belongingness serves the human species very well. It may represent the biological scaffolding upon which language is built and also may lie behind beneficial and useful social ties at the family, church/ school, and government levels. The strength of belongingness bonds, however, also may produce an undesirable side effect-the systematic exclusion of others. For example, behaviors (rites and rituals) that serve to tie group members together also push "noninitiates " away. In this article, the authors examine two specific examples of this phenomenon-bullying and hazing.
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